Sepsis

What is Sepsis?

Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening situation caused by the body’s response to an infection. When an infection occurs, the immune system releases chemicals into the bloodstream to fight it. Sepsis happens when the body’s response to these chemicals is out of balance, leading to widespread inflammation, tissue damage, and organ failure. It can progress rapidly and requires prompt medical attention.

Symptoms of Sepsis

The symptoms of sepsis can vary depending on the source of infection, the age of the patient, and other underlying health conditions. Common symptoms include:

  • Fever: A high body temperature above 101°F (38.3°C) or sometimes a low body temperature below 96.8°F (36°C).
  • Chills and Shivering: Feeling very cold and shivering uncontrollably.
  • Rapid Heartbeat (Tachycardia): An increased heart rate.
  • Rapid Breathing (Tachypnea): Breathing faster than usual.
  • Confusion or Disorientation: Mental confusion or difficulty thinking clearly.
  • Extreme Pain or Discomfort: Generalized pain or discomfort.
  • Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing or feeling breathless.
  • Clammy or Sweaty Skin: Pale, cold, or clammy skin.
  • Decreased Urine Output: Producing less urine than usual, a sign of kidney dysfunction.

Causes of Sepsis

Sepsis can be triggered by any type of infection, including bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Common causes include:

  1. Pneumonia: Lung infections.
  2. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Infections of the bladder or kidneys.
  3. Abdominal Infections: Infections within the abdominal cavity.
  4. Skin Infections: Infections from wounds, cellulitis, or abscesses.
  5. Bloodstream Infections: Direct infections of the blood (bacteremia).

Certain factors increase the risk of developing sepsis, such as:

  • Weakened immune system.
  • Chronic illnesses like diabetes, cancer, or kidney disease.
  • Severe injuries or burns.
  • Invasive procedures or surgeries.
  • Very young or very old age.